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The words ‘carer’ or ‘caregiver’ are commonly used to describe a person who gives significant amounts of help over long periods of time to a relative, friend or neighbour who is ill or disabled.
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It may be difficult to gain acknowledgement from family members and others that they occupy the role of carer if people resist the label as a bureaucratisation of their personal relationships. Those who were expected to assume the caring role (typically spouses) were not always comfortable with doing so. Those who were caring from the more tangential (and less taken for granted) relationship of sibling or ex-partner were among those who apparently embraced the role. Variability and fluidity in self-identification as a carer are related to apparent expectations about whether one should assume a caring role. We propose a taxonomy of caring activity including emotional support, personal care, physical care, household tasks, advocacy and activism and describe four categories, with fluid and overlapping boundaries, in which the identity of carer was apparently embraced, enforced, absorbed or rejected. Identity theory illuminated variation in peoples' perceptions of themselves as carers, suggesting that self-identification with the role and label of carer is nuanced, shifting and variable. We carried out thematic analysis of the interviews, informed by identity theory. Participants were spouses, partners, parents, children, siblings or friends of people who have had multiple sclerosis between 6 months and fifty years. We conducted narrative interviews with forty people throughout the United Kingdom between June 2011 and January 2012. In this article we draw on data from a qualitative research study which examined the experiences of family members and friends of people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) to explore how they interpret the label ‘carer’. Informal caregiving continues to be a crucial part of health and social care provision in the developed world, but the processes by which the identity of informal caregiver is conferred, or assumed, remain unclear.